Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence Fnd

While measures of nicotine dependence have been developed and validated for cigarette smokers fagerstrom 1978 heatherton et al 1991 heatherton et al 1989 few nicotine dependence measures have been evaluated for research and clinical use among smokeless tobacco st users in 1995 boyle et al.

Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence fnd. The fagerström test for nicotine dependence smokeless tobacco ftnd st. The classification of being tobacco dependent obtained via the established scoring method of the fagerström test for nicotine dependence ftnd is compared to a method that bases classification on the pattern of item responses. The test was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. The fagerström test for nicotine dependence.

Published two modified versions of the fagerström tolerance questionnaire. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence ftnd is a six item revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Affiliation 1 department of. Authors t f heatherton 1 l t kozlowski r c frecker k o fagerström.

The ftnd retains six of the original eight questions on the ftq with revised scoring for two of the items. Item coding the ftnd consists of 6 items that are each rated on a different scale depending on the. The minimum score available in the fagerstrom test is 0 indicating no dependence and the maximum score is 10 indicating very high nicotine dependence. In scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence yes no items are scored from 0 to 1 and multiple choice items are.

Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and has been used as a marker for cigarette dependence although no level has been suggested as the cutoff for cigarette dependence. Epub 2006 jan 31. The test was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. 4 15 17 in addition smoking behavior of primigravidas.

The correlation between the ftnd st total score and the serum cotinine concentrations was 0 53 p 0 001. P p in scoring the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence yes no items are scored from 0 to 1 and multiple choice items. 15 16 nicotine metabolism changes and varies with each trimester of pregnancy although the timing and magnitude of these changes are not well established. It contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption the compulsion to use and dependence.

Mushtaq n beebe la vesely sk. It contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption the compulsion to use and dependence. Determinants of salivary cotinine concentrations among smokeless tobacco users. We modified the fagerstr o m test for nicotine dependence ftnd for st users referred to this scale as the ftnd st and evaluated its characteristics in a population of 42 st users.